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Air trapping under pressure shifts mediastinum, impairs venous return → obstructive shock. Expect unilateral absent sounds, severe distress. Treat per scope (needle decompression) and rapid transport; monitor closely after chest seals/PPV.

Adult CPR with a single rescuer follows 30 compressions to 2 ventilations. Two-rescuer pediatric/infant CPR is 15:2. Ratios maintain adequate perfusion while minimizing ventilation interruptions. Correct technique ensures high-quality CPR and best chance of ROSC.

AEMTs work under delegated practice via offline protocols and online physician direction. When a protocol restriction (only patient-owned, in-date nitro) blocks indicated care, contacting online medical control for a documented variance is the safest, system-compliant path. Using expired medication risks reduced potency and policy violations. Aspirin should still be given if not contraindicated, but it doesn’t replace nitrates for ischemic chest pain relief. Waiting for ALS may delay time-sensitive care. Document consultation, times, vitals, contraindication screening (BP, PDE-5 use), and response.

Hyperglycemia, especially DKA, produces fruity odor (ketones), deep/labored Kussmaul respirations, dehydration, and slow onset. Hypoglycemia causes sudden confusion and diaphoresis (Option A). Seizures (Option C) are more hypoglycemia-related.

Chronic hypertension damages vessels and organs, raising risk of stroke, kidney failure, and heart disease. It increases vascular resistance and cardiac workload, not reduce them. AEMTs must recognize hypertensive emergencies and associated stroke risk.