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Left hemisphere controls language and right-sided motor function. Apply stroke scales, check glucose, note last-known-well, and pre-notify a stroke center. Differentiate from mimics (seizure, hypoglycemia, migraine).

Warm skin, strong pulses, and intact mentation suggest adequate perfusion. Pale skin, weak pulses, or anxiety suggest shock. Cyanosis and absent pulses indicate severe hypoperfusion. Cool clammy skin reflects early compensated shock.

Nitroglycerin dilates coronary arteries and reduces myocardial oxygen demand, relieving angina. Epinephrine stimulates adrenergic receptors for anaphylaxis/cardiac arrest. Atropine treats bradycardia. Diazepam treats seizures. Nitro must be screened for contraindications: hypotension, head injury, PDE-5 inhibitors.

Naloxone reverses respiratory depression by competitively binding to opioid receptors. It can be administered IM, IN, or IV. Atropine treats bradycardia. Dextrose treats hypoglycemia. Diazepam manages seizures. Proper use of naloxone requires reassessment, as it has a shorter half-life than most opioids.

Pregnancy raises oxygen demand while the gravid uterus reduces functional residual capacity (FRC). This combination accelerates desaturation in apnea. Blood volume and cardiac output actually increase. EMS providers must anticipate airway challenges in pregnant patients.