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Infrared imaging reveals thermal anomalies where insulation is missing or inadequate, especially when indoor-outdoor temperature differences are significant. Blower doors identify air leakage, not insulation. Ultrasonic and power factor tests apply to other systems. CEA exams highlight IR thermography as critical for building envelope diagnostics.

Load factor is calculated as the ratio of average demand to peak demand. In this case, 500 kW ÷ 1,000 kW = 0.5, or 50%. A higher load factor indicates more efficient and consistent use of electrical demand, while a low load factor reflects sporadic peaks and valleys, often resulting in higher demand charges. The CEA body of knowledge highlights load factor analysis as essential for identifying opportunities such as demand management, peak shaving, or energy storage to improve utilization efficiency and reduce utility costs.