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An energy baseline quantifies typical consumption before efficiency measures, serving as the reference for tracking savings after implementation. It does not guarantee financing, nor does it replace monitoring or data collection. CEA auditors are expected to define baselines using at least 12 months of utility data, normalized for weather and occupancy.

Fuel consumption per ton-mile measures energy used relative to goods moved, making it the most appropriate efficiency metric in freight and logistics. VMT measures distance but not efficiency, while delivery times and turnover rates are operational indicators. CEA transport audits often use fuel per ton-mile to benchmark fleet improvements.

ASHRAE Standard 211 provides guidance on conducting energy audits, defining three levels: Level I (walk-through), Level II (energy survey and analysis), and Level III (investment-grade audit). ISO 50001 addresses energy management systems, ANSI/ASHRAE 55 relates to thermal comfort, and IPMVP (International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol) deals with savings verification. CEA auditors are expected to understand ASHRAE audit levels as part of planning audit scope and client expectations.

ASHRAE Standard 90.1 sets minimum efficiency requirements for water heating equipment in commercial buildings. ISO 50001 covers energy management systems, ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager is a benchmarking tool, and ANSI/ASHRAE 55 addresses thermal comfort. In CEA exams, candidates must link equipment efficiency standards to applicable codes.

Maintaining correct tire inflation reduces rolling resistance, improving fuel efficiency, while also enhancing vehicle safety. Aggressive driving and overinflation increase risks, and removing safety equipment is unsafe. CEA auditors highlight driver behavior and maintenance as cost-effective transport energy efficiency measures.