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If the patient has a pulse but is not breathing, the EMR provides rescue ventilations. For adults, this is 1 breath every 5–6 seconds. Chest compressions are not started unless the pulse is absent. AED is only for cardiac arrest. EMRs follow the ABC sequence in assessment and care.

When the AED advises shock, rescuers must clear the patient and deliver the shock without delay. Immediate defibrillation greatly increases survival in shockable rhythms like VF and pulseless VT. CPR resumes immediately after the shock. EMRs always follow AED prompts exactly.

For stable patients with chest pain but adequate breathing, low-flow oxygen via nasal cannula is sufficient. A BVM is for inadequate breathing, while a non-rebreather is for severe distress. Room air is inappropriate if supplemental oxygen is available. EMRs titrate oxygen based on patient presentation.

Weak pulses and delayed capillary refill suggest hypoperfusion. Warm skin and strong pulses indicate adequate circulation. EMRs use multiple indicators (pulse, skin, refill) to assess circulation. Early recognition of poor perfusion allows quicker intervention.

Scene safety is followed immediately by donning personal protective equipment (PPE). Protecting the responder is always the priority to prevent exposure to hazards. After PPE, the EMR checks responsiveness (AVPU), airway, breathing, and circulation. Skipping PPE risks contamination and secondary injuries. This step is highlighted in EMR guidelines as essential to maintaining rescuer readiness for patient care.