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Respiratory infections (influenza, COVID-19, pertussis) spread through droplets or airborne particles. Vector-borne infections are transmitted by insects (malaria), direct contact by touch (MRSA), and foodborne by contaminated food (salmonella).

Type O-negative lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, so it can be transfused safely to almost any patient. Type AB+ is the universal recipient. O+ can donate to Rh+ patients, but not universally.

After needle removal, the CCMA must apply firm pressure with sterile gauze to prevent hematoma and bleeding. The needle should go directly into a sharps container without recapping. Patients should not bend the arm, as this may cause bruising.

Tendons attach muscles to bones, enabling movement when muscles contract. Ligaments connect bone to bone, cartilage cushions joints, and fascia surrounds muscles but does not attach them to bone.

Reusable medical equipment like BP cuffs must be disinfected with an EPA-approved wipe after each patient to prevent cross-contamination. Autoclaving may damage equipment.