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An occlusive dressing taped on three sides prevents air entry but allows trapped air to escape, reducing risk of tension pneumothorax. Bulky or uncovered wounds worsen the problem. OPAs do not address chest wounds. EMRs are trained to seal chest wounds quickly.

Full chest recoil ensures the heart refills with blood between compressions. Shallow or slow compressions reduce circulation. Frequent pulse checks interrupt compressions. Rescuer switching occurs every 2 minutes, not 5. EMRs focus on depth, rate, and recoil as CPR priorities.

A rate of 16 with regular, unlabored respirations indicates adequate breathing. Rates of 8 with shallow depth, gasping, or cyanosis indicate inadequate ventilation. EMRs assess rate, depth, effort, and chest rise when evaluating breathing.

Pulse checks must not exceed 10 seconds. Prolonged checks delay CPR initiation, lowering survival chances. If no pulse is definitely felt within this timeframe, chest compressions begin immediately. EMR training stresses urgency in cardiac arrest recognition.

Tension pneumothorax prevents blood return to the heart by increasing intrathoracic pressure, causing obstructive shock. Severe burns cause hypovolemic shock, femur fractures lead to hemorrhage, and external bleeding also leads to hypovolemic shock. EMRs identify life-threatening chest trauma as urgent airway/breathing priorities.