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Traction splints reduce pain, bleeding, and muscle spasm in femur fractures but should not be applied if pelvic fracture is suspected. If unavailable, immobilize in the position found. Cold packs are supportive only. EMRs are trained to use traction splints appropriately.

Confusion, pallor, and weak pulses suggest inadequate tissue perfusion, consistent with shock. Shock may be hypovolemic, cardiogenic, or distributive. Hypertension would present with stronger pulses. Stroke primarily involves neurological deficits. EMRs must recognize early shock signs for rapid intervention.

Delayed capillary refill and weak pulses indicate inadequate circulation and oxygen delivery to tissues. Strong pulses, pink skin, and normal blood pressure indicate adequate perfusion. EMRs assess circulation through pulses, refill, and skin signs to detect shock early.

Medications (the “M” in SAMPLE) cover prescriptions, over-the-counter drugs, and supplements. This is critical for identifying possible causes of the patient’s condition or contraindications for treatment. EMRs collect this information to assist higher-level providers with accurate patient care.

Compressions are delivered on the lower half of the sternum, avoiding the xiphoid process and ribs. This ensures force is directed onto the heart for effective circulation. Incorrect placement risks organ injury. EMRs are drilled on precise hand positioning.