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The Monroe Doctrine stated that further European colonization in the Western Hemisphere would be viewed as hostile, asserting U.S. influence in the Americas. Option B is correct. Option A is unrelated to foreign policy. Option C reflects later trade policies. Option D pertains to 20th-century events. GED Social Studies emphasizes matching documents to contexts: Monroe Doctrine = limit European interference; Truman Doctrine = aid against communism; Marshall Plan = rebuild Europe.

Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, tiny air sacs with thin walls surrounded by capillaries. Oxygen diffuses into blood, CO₂ diffuses out. Option C is correct. Trachea (A) and bronchi (B) are passageways, not exchange sites. Diaphragm (D) is a muscle aiding breathing but not gas exchange. GED Science highlights structure-function: alveoli = exchange; red blood cells = O₂ transport; mitochondria = respiration.

Find unit price: $2 ÷ 5 = $0.40 per pencil. Multiply by 12: $0.40 × 12 = $4.80. Option C is correct. Option A miscomputes $0.35 × 12. Option B is $0.375 × 12. Option D assumes $0.4167 × 12. GED proportion strategy: set up fraction: 5/2 = 12/x. Cross multiply: 5x = 24 → x = 4.80. Both approaches align.

Reaction rate depends on frequency and energy of effective collisions. Grinding a solid into powder exposes more surface for reactant contact, increasing the number of collisions per unit time and typically speeding up the reaction. Thus, Option B is correct. Option A contradicts collision theory—more surface means more, not fewer, encounters. Option C ignores a well-established principle in heterogeneous reactions, where at least one reactant is solid. Option D is extreme and unsupported. On the GED Science test, remember the four classic levers that increase most reaction rates: higher temperature, higher concentration, greater surface area (for solids), and presence of a catalyst (which lowers activation energy). Visualize the difference between a sugar cube and granulated sugar dissolving: the powdered form reacts/dissolves faster because more molecules are accessible at the interface.

An introductory phrase is typically followed by a comma to set it off from the main clause. Option B places the comma correctly after “report,” yielding a clear, grammatical sentence. Option A omits the comma, which is a common error on GED RLA. Option C misplaces words—“the report” belongs with “finishing,” but the structure becomes tangled. Option D is ungrammatical (“finished” should be the -ing form to function as a participle). Strategy: When a sentence begins with a dependent phrase of time, condition, or manner (“After…, When…, Although…”), insert a comma before the independent clause. Read aloud: if you naturally pause after the opener, a comma likely belongs there. Proper punctuation enhances clarity and prevents misreading, both on the test and in your writing.