Free CRNI Exam Questions That Helps Candidates Pass

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation: Phenytoin is compatible only with 0.9 % sodium chloride, precipitates in dextrose solutions, and requires an in-line filter. Rapid administration can cause cardiovascular collapse; therefore the rate is limited (usually ≤50 mg/min in adults). Central access is preferred for higher concentrations or continuous infusions. Safe administration of cardiovascular and neurologic medications falls under Infusion Therapies.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation: The chain of infection consists of six links: infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host. Interrupting any one link (for example, through hand hygiene, skin antisepsis, or sterile technique) can prevent transmission. In infusion therapy, the catheter itself can serve as a portal of entry; therefore multiple evidence-based strategies are applied simultaneously. Hand hygiene remains mandatory even when sterile gloves are used. Understanding epidemiology and the chain of infection is foundational to Infection Prevention and Control within Principles of Practice.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation: Hematoma formation requires prompt direct pressure to control bleeding, elevation to reduce swelling, and avoidance of further trauma to the same vessel. Warmth may increase bleeding in the acute phase; forceful flushing and repeated attempts at the same site worsen tissue damage. Proper management of insertion-related complications is grounded in anatomy-and-physiology knowledge within Principles of Practice.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation: Frequent site assessment allows early detection of infiltration, phlebitis, or infection. Continuous infusions and high-risk medications require more frequent checks(often every 1–2 hours), while intermittent devices may be assessed less often according to policy. Waiting for patient complaint delays intervention. Regular assessment is a fundamental infection-prevention and complication-management practice within Principles of Practice.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation: Most valved PICCs are maintained with normal saline flushes using a turbulent (pulsatile) method to clear residual medication and fibrin. Heparin is not routinely required for all valved devices; the nurse follows specific manufacturer and institutional protocols. Regular flushing remains necessary. Proper maintenance procedures are essential Access Devices knowledge.