Free CRNI Exam Questions That Helps Candidates Pass

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation: When sampling from an existing peripheral catheter, the infusion must first be stopped to prevent dilution of the specimen. A small discard volume (typically 1–2 mL or per institutional policy) clears the catheter of residual fluid before the laboratory sample is obtained. Drawing while fluid is still infusing contaminates the specimen with the infusate. Excessiveflushing can cause hemolysis, and routine catheter removal solely for blood sampling is unnecessary and increases patient discomfort and vessel trauma. Proper phlebotomy technique from vascular access devices is a core component of the Principles of Practice domain and directly supports accurate laboratory results while preserving vein integrity.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation: After catheter removal, direct pressure with sterile gauze controls bleeding; once hemostasis is achieved, a sterile dressing protects the site. Flexing the arm can dislodge the forming clot, an open site increases infection risk, and warmth may promote continued oozing. Proper post-removal care is part of infection-prevention and anatomy-and-physiology content within Principles of Practice.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation: Hand hygiene before and after every contact with a vascular access device or its dressing remains the single most effective measure to prevent pathogen transmission, even when gloves are worn. Alcohol-based rubs are acceptable when hands are not visibly soiled. These fundamental infection-prevention practices are repeatedly emphasized in the Principles of Practice domain.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation: A critically elevated aPTT indicates over-anticoagulation and elevated bleeding risk. The infusion is held or reduced per institutional nomogram, the provider is notified, and the patient is assessed for bleeding. Increasing the rate or giving additional boluses worsens the problem. Therapy changes require a provider order. Monitoring and managing anticoagulant infusions are essential skills within Infusion Therapies (Cardiovascular section).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation: A PICC is defined by its peripheral insertion site (usually basilic, brachial, or cephalic vein) and central tip location in the lower superior vena cava or at the cavoatrial junction. Non-tunneled internal jugular catheters are inserted centrally, implanted ports are surgically placed in the chest, and midline catheters terminate in a peripheral vein. Correct differentiation of device types and their insertion pathways is a foundational expectation of the Access Devices content area.