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A nonessential appositive renames a noun and should be set off by commas on both sides; removing it does not change the core meaning. In C, “a chemotherapy specialist” renames the pharmacist and is bracketed correctly by commas, leaving “The pharmacist reviewed the order” as a complete sentence. Option A omits both commas, running the appositive into the subject. B includes only a leading comma, leaving the phrase unclosed. D misplaces a comma and adds an odd article placement. On TEAS, identify whether the renaming phrase is essential. If it uniquely identifies the noun among many (restrictive), omit commas (“Nurse Maria prepared the dose”). If it merely adds extra info (nonrestrictive), use commas (“Maria, the charge nurse, prepared the dose”). Read the sentence aloud; if a natural pause surrounds the renaming phrase and the sentence remains complete without it, commas on both sides are warranted.

As a rule, affect is most often a verb meaning “to influence,” while effect is most often a noun meaning “result.” In C, both appearances follow this rule: the protocol will affect (influence) infection rates, and a positive effect (result) is hoped for. A misuses effect where the verb affect belongs (“will affect how nurses chart”). B misuses affect as a noun; except in psychology (where affect = observable emotion), the noun should be effect (“had a calming effect”). D uses affect as a verb meaning “to pretend” or “to put on,” or in very formal prose “to aim at,” which is not standard in clinical contexts; the common verb there would be effect (to bring about), i.e., “effect a rapid recovery,” though even that is awkward since clinicians do not directly cause recovery. For TEAS, plug in synonyms: affect → influence; effect → result/outcome. If the sentence still reads naturally, you’ve chosen correctly. Watch for the psychology exception and the rarer verb effect (“to bring about”).