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Continuous ultrasound at 1 MHz provides deep heating, increasing tissue extensibility, blood flow, and pain modulation. Pulsed ultrasound (B, C) is for acute or non-thermal effects. Neuromuscular inhibition (D) may occur but is not the primary effect.

NPTE requires distinguishing between continuous (thermal) vs pulsed (non-thermal) ultrasound. Parameters (frequency, intensity, duration) determine depth and effect.

Orthopnea = dyspnea when lying flat, relieved by sitting upright or semi-Fowler’s (head/trunk elevated). Supine (A) worsens fluid pooling. Prone (C) is unsafe. Side-lying (D) addresses lung pathology, not CHF.

On NPTE, positioning for cardiopulmonary relief is often tested.

Self-management includes exercise, compression, skin care, and elevation. Avoiding skin care (A) increases infection risk. Garments (C) should be worn daily, not just at night. Heat (D) increases fluid accumulation.

On NPTE, correct patient education for chronic disease management is tested frequently.

Ober’s test assesses iliotibial band tightness. A positive test reproduces lateral knee/hip tightness. VMO (B) = patellofemoral tracking. Hamstrings (C) tested with SLR. Gastrocnemius (D) with ankle dorsiflexion.

On NPTE, recognizing special test + structure is essential.

Stage III lymphedema (elephantiasis) involves irreversible swelling and fibrosis. Safe interventions include manual drainage, short-stretch bandaging, and exercise. High-pressure elastic garments are contraindicated, as they impair lymph flow and damage tissue.

NPTE emphasizes that compression must be carefully graded and safe, with ongoing monitoring for skin integrity.