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Self-efficacy refers to confidence in ability to perform a behavior. Expressing doubt shows low self-efficacy. High efficacy statements reflect confidence, enjoyment, or willingness to try.

Hypertension as a risk factor is defined as SBP ≥140 mmHg or DBP ≥90 mmHg on two occasions, or taking antihypertensive meds. This classification is used in ACSM’s risk stratification model.

Neuromotor exercise (balance, agility, coordination, proprioception) is recommended 2–3 days/week, 20–30 minutes, particularly in older adults to reduce fall risk. Tai chi, yoga, and functional drills are examples.

ACSM guidelines: 6–12 reps at 70–85% 1RM with 1–2 min rest for hypertrophy. Lower reps build strength; higher reps build endurance. Volume and progressive overload drive hypertrophy.

Intrinsic motivation comes from enjoyment, satisfaction, or stress relief. Extrinsic motivation involves external rewards, pressure, or appearance goals. ACSM emphasizes fostering intrinsic motivation for adherence.