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Normal <100, impaired 100–125, diabetes ≥126. At 108 mg/dL, this is prediabetes. Identifying prediabetes allows early lifestyle interventions.

Muscular endurance uses high reps and light loads, emphasizing local fatigue resistance. Short rest intervals (<30 seconds) maintain metabolic stress and adaptation. Longer rests (3–5 minutes) are for maximal strength/power.

The EP’s scope centers on fitness assessment, exercise prescription, behavior change support, supervision, and risk management—not medical diagnosis, medication management, or dietetic therapy. Option C demonstrates appropriate action: recognize warning signs (e.g., chest pressure, unusual dyspnea), stop activity, assess basic vitals, follow the EAP, and refer for medical evaluation. Options A and B exceed scope; medication and diagnosis belong to licensed medical professionals. Option D typically requires a registered dietitian or similarly licensed practitioner for therapeutic nutrition; EPs may provide general healthy-eating education consistent with guidelines but avoid medical nutrition therapy. Practicing within scope protects clients, maintains professional standards, and reduces liability. Documentation of observations, actions taken, and referral communication is an essential risk-management element and aligns with ACSM’s professional responsibilities and interprofessional collaboration guidance.

Stimulus control modifies the environment to cue behavior. Examples: placing shoes by the door, packing a gym bag, reminders on calendars. This increases adherence by reducing barriers.

The PACER or Beep Test progressively increases pace until exhaustion, estimating VO₂max. It is widely used in schools and athletic settings. Rockport estimates VO₂max from walking; Cooper is 12-minute run/walk; step test uses HR recovery.