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Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) targets irrational beliefs such as “musts” and “shoulds.” “I must be loved by everyone” is an example of irrational, absolutist thinking. Other statements (A, C, D) may reflect preferences or realistic goals rather than dysfunctional core beliefs.

The forming stage involves orientation, clarification of norms, and building safety. Conflict (A) appears in storming, disclosure (B) deepens in working stage, and termination (D) is closure.

Leaders must validate concerns, help process vulnerability, and reinforce confidentiality agreements. Minimizing (A, D) or removing (C) undermines trust and safety.

Career adaptability emphasizes flexible coping with transitions, reflecting modern updates to Super’s theory. Career maturity (A) is an earlier concept. Role salience (C) is importance of roles. Congruence (D) is from Holland.

The concrete operational stage (ages 7–11) includes classification, conservation, and logical thinking about concrete objects. Preoperational (A) is symbolic play, formal operational (C) involves abstract reasoning, and sensorimotor (D) is infancy.