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Bipolar II Disorder requires at least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode, but no manic episodes. Bipolar I (A) requires at least one manic episode. Cyclothymic Disorder (C) involves subthreshold mood fluctuations for ≥2 years. MDD (D) lacks hypomania. On the EPPP, distinguishing bipolar types hinges on presence/absence of mania vs. hypomania.

Termination is a key stage of therapy requiring relational competence. Effective termination involves reviewing progress, anticipating challenges, and validating emotions about ending. Supporting autonomy prepares clients to use skills independently. Boundary violation (A) misuses the relationship. Countertransference (C) reflects therapist’s personal reactions. Resistance interpretation (D) applies to process but not termination. On the EPPP, candidates should recognize that competence in termination reflects professionalism, alliance sensitivity, and preparation for long-term client growth.

Publishing case studies requires protecting confidentiality. This may involve disguising details so clients cannot be identified or obtaining written consent. Simply changing names (C) is insufficient. Publishing without safeguards (B) violates ethics. Avoiding case studies (D) is unnecessary if confidentiality is maintained. On the EPPP, candidates must know APA Ethics Code Standard 4.07, which governs secondary use of confidential client information.

Confidentiality may be waived only with client’s informed, written authorization specifying what information will be shared, with whom, and for what purpose. Refusing categorically (A) denies client autonomy. Sharing without documentation (C) or automatically (D) violates confidentiality. Documentation of the release is critical. On the EPPP, ethical practice questions frequently address confidentiality, consent, and the proper handling of sensitive records.

Cyclothymic Disorder involves chronic mood fluctuations with hypomanic and subthreshold depressive symptoms for at least 2 years in adults (1 year in children). Criteria for mania or major depressive episodes are never met. Bipolar I (A) requires at least one manic episode. Bipolar II (C) requires hypomania and at least one major depressive episode. Persistent Depressive Disorder (D) is chronic depression without hypomania. On the EPPP, duration and threshold criteria are critical for distinguishing mood disorders.