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Methamphetamine can cause tactile hallucinations known as formication, where users feel bugs crawling on their skin. Cannabis (Option B) alters perception but doesn’t cause formication. Alcohol (Option C) may cause tremors or hallucinations in withdrawal, but not typically tactile sensations. Benzodiazepines (Option D) do not cause this symptom. Recognizing formication aids in assessment of stimulant psychosis.

Professional ethics encourage addressing violations directly with colleagues if safe and appropriate, documenting concerns. If unresolved, escalate through supervision or ethics boards. Law enforcement (Option B) is unnecessary unless criminal. Ignoring (Option C) enables harm. Warning clients directly (Option D) breaches trust and bypasses due process. Addressing issues promptly protects clients and upholds professional standards.

The Problem-Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT) screens for mental health, substance use, and social functioning in youth. AUDIT (Option B) and CAGE (Option C) are alcohol-only. PHQ-9 (Option D) is depression-focused. POSIT supports holistic assessment of at-risk adolescents.

Buprenorphine is a partial mu-opioid receptor agonist FDA-approved for opioid use disorder (OUD). Its partial agonist activity provides sufficient receptor occupancy to reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms without producing the same level of euphoria as full agonists, thereby lowering misuse risk. Methadone (Option A) is a full agonist, also FDA-approved, but with different risk/benefit considerations. Naltrexone (Option C) is an opioid antagonist, effective for relapse prevention but not a partial agonist. Disulfiram (Option D) is used for alcohol use disorder, not OUD. Buprenorphine’s ceiling effect enhances safety in overdose, and it can be prescribed in office-based settings under federal regulations. Evidence shows buprenorphine significantly improves retention in treatment, reduces illicit opioid use, and lowers overdose risk. Integration with counseling and recovery supports provides optimal outcomes.

Seeking Safety is an evidence-based, present-focused therapy integrating coping skills for trauma and SUD simultaneously. Aversion therapy (Option B) is outdated. Gestalt (Option C) and psychoanalysis (Option D) are not validated for co-occurring trauma and SUD. Integrated approaches reduce relapse and improve functioning compared to sequential treatment.