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The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is a 10-question tool developed by WHO to detect hazardous and harmful drinking. CAGE (Option B) is brief but less sensitive. DAST (Option C) screens drugs. PHQ-9 (Option D) screens depression. AUDIT remains the gold standard for global alcohol screening.

Buprenorphine, as a partial agonist, reduces cravings while offering analgesia. Coupling this with non-opioid pain management (e.g., NSAIDs, physical therapy, mindfulness) addresses both conditions. Benzodiazepines (Option B) pose overdose risks with opioids. High-dose opioids (Option C) perpetuate dependence. Abrupt detox (Option D) risks withdrawal, pain crises, and relapse. Integrated treatment balances addiction recovery with pain management, improving retention and outcomes.

12-Step facilitation (TSF) prepares clients for participation in Alcoholics Anonymous and similar programs. It emphasizes spirituality, group support, and peer sponsorship. CBT (Option B) focuses on thoughts/behaviors. Contingency management (Option C) reinforces abstinence with rewards. Gestalt (Option D) is experiential but not peer-based. TSF is evidence-based for alcohol use disorder, particularly when combined with professional counseling.

Ethical practice requires prioritizing client safety and professional integrity. When a counselor suspects impairment in a colleague, the appropriate response is to follow agency protocol: document objective observations (e.g., slurred speech, odor of alcohol), consult with a supervisor or ethics officer, and ensure clients are not exposed to harm. This balances accountability with fairness, allowing due process. Public confrontation (Option A) risks humiliating the colleague and disrupting services. Involving law enforcement (Option B) is typically excessive unless there is an imminent safety threat. Ignoring the issue (Option D) is unethical and could perpetuate harm to clients. Ethical codes emphasize self-care, peer accountability, and protection of vulnerable clients. By acting through structured, professional channels, counselors uphold ethical standards, safeguard clients, and promote a culture of responsibility.

Alcohol enhances GABA (inhibitory) signaling and reduces glutamate (excitatory) activity, producing sedation, relaxation, and impaired coordination. Dopamine/norepinephrine (Option B) influence reward but not sedation. Serotonin (Option C) affects mood, not sedation directly. Acetylcholine changes (Option D) aren’t primary. Understanding GABA/glutamate balance explains intoxication and withdrawal risks, including seizures when the balance reverses.