Free CNRN Exam Questions That Helps Candidates Pass

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Clustering nursing care activities can significantly increase intracranial pressure (ICP) due to repeated stimulation, patient agitation, and increased metabolic demand. In patients with traumatic brain injury, ICP must be controlled by promoting rest and minimizing unnecessary stimulation. Elevating the head of the bed to 30 degrees improves venous drainage and lowers ICP. Neutral neck alignment prevents jugular venous obstruction. Reducing environmental stimuli helps prevent ICP spikes and neurological deterioration.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by sudden, severe, stabbing facial pain triggered by light touch, chewing, or speaking. It is caused by irritation of cranial nerve V and occurs in brief episodes. Progressive paralysis, fever, and loss of consciousness are not features of this condition and suggest other neurological or systemic disorders.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Levodopa combined with carbidopa is the most effective first-line treatment for Parkinson disease. Levodopa converts to dopamine in the brain, improving motor symptoms such as rigidity and bradykinesia, while carbidopa prevents peripheral metabolism of levodopa, increasing CNS availability and reducing side effects. Acetaminophen, diazepam, and furosemide do not address dopamine deficiency or Parkinsonian motor symptoms.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Sudden severe headache and vomiting after ischemic stroke may indicate hemorrhagic transformation, where ischemic brain tissue bleeds, especially after reperfusion injury or thrombolytic therapy. This is a serious complication requiring immediate imaging and intervention. Hypoglycemia, anxiety, and medication side effects do not typically present with acute neurological deterioration and severe headache in this context.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Preventing secondary brain injury is a key goal in traumatic brain injury management. Hypoxia and hypotension significantly worsen neurological outcomes by reducing cerebral oxygen delivery. Maintaining adequate oxygenation and perfusion is critical. Mild hypercapnia may increase intracranial pressure. Sedation is often necessary to reduce metabolic demand and agitation. Early ambulation is contraindicated in unstable neuro patients and may worsen injury.