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The original sentence is a comma splice, joining two independent clauses incorrectly with only a comma. To fix, either separate into two sentences, add a coordinating conjunction, or use a semicolon. Choice B uses a semicolon to link the clauses, which is correct. Choice A is a run-on. Choice C misrepresents meaning: barking did not happen “because” of waking; barking caused waking. Choice D creates a fragment after the period. The ACT often tests comma splices, so remember: independent clauses require stronger punctuation than a comma.

Data show growth rises with light: 5 → 10 → 12. The effect increases, but the rate slows between 8 and 12 hours. That suggests diminishing returns, not unlimited growth. Choice A is correct. B, C, and D contradict. ACT Science often tests recognition of trends with limits.

The passage emphasizes isolation geographically but closeness socially. Choice A captures both elements. B, C, and D contradict the text. On ACT Reading, contrasts like “isolated and close-knit” often guide the correct answer.

The phrase “as much as” signals dual causes—both economic and political. Choice A captures that. B, C, and D contradict. On ACT Reading, balance and nuance in wording are key clues.