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Task analysis involves breaking down a complex skill into smaller, manageable steps. For example, cooking pasta may include steps like boiling water, adding pasta, stirring, draining, and serving. Shaping (A) reinforces approximations, errorless learning (C) prevents mistakes, and DRO (D) reinforces absence of behavior. Task analysis is foundational for chaining methods (forward, backward, total task) and ensures systematic teaching of functional life skills.

Continuous measurement means recording every instance of a behavior. This includes systems like frequency, duration, latency, and interresponse time (IRT). It provides the most precise data but can be resource-intensive. Option A is momentary time sampling, option C refers to discontinuous measurement (interval recording), and option D is estimation, which is subjective. Continuous measurement is the gold standard for accurate behavioral data collection.

Prompt fading systematically reduces the level of assistance so that the client can perform the behavior independently. For example, an RBT may start with hand-over-hand guidance, then move to gestural prompts, and eventually fade all prompts. Option A leads to prompt dependency, option C is unrelated to prompting, and option D introduces inconsistency. Proper fading ensures that stimulus control transfers from the prompt to the natural environment, promoting independence and generalization.

The goal of an FBA is to determine the function of the behavior—whether it is maintained by attention, escape, tangibles, or automatic reinforcement. Identifying function allows the BCBA to design effective, function-based interventions. Option A relates to preference assessments, option B describes behavior topography but not function, and option D is part of measurement but does not explain why behavior occurs. FBAs are essential for individualized, effective, and ethical behavior intervention plans.

Escape extinction prevents problem behavior from resulting in avoidance of a task. For example, if a child tantrums to avoid math but is required to finish the worksheet anyway, escape is no longer reinforced. Option A describes extinction for attention-maintained behavior, option C is response cost, and option D is Functional Communication Training (FCT). Escape extinction should always be paired with teaching replacement behaviors, such as appropriately requesting a break.