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Swelling on catheter side indicates possible venous thrombosis or stenosis. This requires RN/provider evaluation. Fluid overload (B) causes generalized swelling. Hypocalcemia (C) and hypoglycemia (D) present differently.

Residual disinfectant testing confirms machine is safe after disinfection. Conductivity (B), TMP (C), and blood leak (D) test different parameters.

OSHA requires biohazard containers to be available where waste is generated, close to use, and secure. Remote storage (B), nurses’ stations (C), or hallways (D) are noncompliant.

Cracked containers compromise sterility and concentration integrity. They must not be used. Replacing and reporting ensures patient safety. Using (B), taping (C), or mixing (D) violates standards and risks contamination.

Air embolism is a life-threatening event. The venous air detector is a critical safety device designed to prevent air from reaching the patient. When it alarms, the technician must clamp the venous line and immediately stop the blood pump to eliminate forward flow. Then, identify and correct the air source: check for loose connections, empty or foaming saline bags, leaks at luer locks, low saline levels during priming or flushes, or cavitation from excessive negative arterial pressure. Do not return blood until the air is fully removed and the circuit is safe, following facility procedures (which may include re-priming or changing the venous chamber/tubing set). Silencing the alarm and continuing (B) is unsafe. Increasing BFR (C) risks forcing air into the patient. Disconnecting the arterial line (D) does not address the immediate threat and may introduce contamination. After resolution, perform and document a careful re-verification of air detector function and educate the patient on any necessary steps (e.g., minimizing line movement).