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Inhalation occurs when the diaphragm contracts, moving downward, which decreases intrathoracic pressure. This negative pressure draws air into the lungs. Exhalation is usually passive as the diaphragm relaxes. AEMTs must understand pressure changes for effective ventilation and BVM use.

START: RR <30, perfusion intact, mental status intact = Yellow (Delayed). Red = immediate. Green = walking wounded. Black = deceased.

Acute stress reactions occur immediately during or after critical incidents. Delayed (B) = PTSD weeks later. Cumulative (C) builds gradually. Eustress (D) is positive stress. EMS should support providers with debriefings and mental health resources.

The sinoatrial (SA) node initiates electrical impulses, setting normal sinus rhythm (~60–100 bpm). The AV node (A) is backup (~40–60 bpm). Bundle of His (C) and Purkinje fibers (D) conduct impulses, not primary pacing. Understanding conduction helps AEMTs recognize arrhythmias and treatment priorities.

Explanation (150–250 words):

Pelvic fractures can cause massive internal bleeding. The best prehospital management includes pelvic binder application, airway/oxygen, IV fluids to maintain perfusion, and rapid transport to a trauma center. Trendelenburg (A) is ineffective. Oral fluids (C) are contraindicated. Ice packs (D) do not control bleeding. Pelvic stabilization reduces volume of pelvic cavity, limiting hemorrhage.