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A near miss is an event that could have harmed the patient but did not because it was intercepted in time. Actual harm (medication errors, falls, or equipment failures) are adverse events. In the Patient Safety domain, near misses are valuable learning opportunities for system improvement without patient harm.

The Chi-square test is used for categorical data, such as infection rates across two groups. Regression analyzes variable relationships, control charts track variation over time, and histograms display distributions. In Health Data Analytics, correct statistical selection ensures accurate performance evaluation.

A Chi-square test compares categorical outcomes (e.g., mortality yes/no) between groups. Control and run charts show trends over time, and Pareto charts rank causes by frequency. In Health Data Analytics, Chi-square is used for comparing proportions between groups.

Sentinel events include serious incidents such as infant abduction, wrong-site surgery, or patient suicide while in care. Complaints, delays without harm, or meal issues are not sentinel events. In Patient Safety, recognizing and reporting sentinel events is critical to prevention.

The Universal Protocol (time-outs, site marking, verification) is the gold standard for preventing wrong-site surgery. RCA is reactive, while relying on memory or inconsistent practices increases risk. In the Patient Safety domain, proactive standardized safety procedures are emphasized to prevent sentinel events.