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The GAO Green Book provides Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government, aligning with COSO but tailored for federal use. Yellow Book (Option A) covers audits. COSO (Option B) is private-sector oriented. Blue Book (Option D) is not GAO guidance. Exam 3 emphasizes Green Book. Option C is correct.

Physical safeguards prevent unauthorized access to sensitive records or assets. Detective controls (Option B) identify issues after the fact. Corrective (Option C) addresses issues after detection. Monitoring (Option D) oversees performance of controls. Exam 3 highlights physical safeguards as preventive. Option A is correct.

Line-item budgeting categorizes expenditures, facilitating control and compliance but not showing results. Zero-based (Option B) starts from scratch. Performance (Option C) links to outcomes. Program budgeting (Option D) organizes by programs. Exam 2 stresses alternative budget formats. Option A is correct.

Monitoring involves continuous or periodic reviews of controls to ensure they function as intended, including internal audits and management oversight. Preventive (Option B) and corrective (Option C) are specific control types. Risk assessment (Option D) identifies risks but does not confirm performance. Exam 3 emphasizes monitoring as an essential COSO/Green Book component. Option A is correct.

Permanent Funds are governmental funds where the principal must remain intact but earnings are used for programs. General Fund (Option B) is unrestricted. Capital Projects (Option C) handles capital financing. Enterprise Fund (Option D) is proprietary for business-like activities. Exam 2 highlights fund types. Option A is correct.