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A fundamental principle of auditing is independence, objectivity, and evidence-based decision-making (choice B). Reporting only positives (choice A) compromises integrity. Avoiding documentation (choice C) removes traceability. Shortening audits excessively (choice D) undermines thoroughness. According to ISO 19011 and the ASQ CQA BoK, principles such as integrity, fair presentation, due professional care, and independence ensure that audits provide reliable conclusions that stakeholders can trust.

Among types of audit evidence, documented records (choice C) carry the greatest weight because they provide verifiable, objective proof of compliance. Oral testimony (choice A) is useful but subjective and less reliable. Observation (choice B) is valuable but limited to what occurs during the audit timeframe. Auditor assumptions (choice D) are unacceptable since they lack objectivity. The ASQ CQA BoK highlights that evidence must be sufficient, reliable, and relevant. Documented evidence such as inspection reports, calibration logs, and training records provide traceable data that can be verified by third parties. Strong evidence supports audit conclusions and increases the credibility of findings. Therefore, documented records are the most reliable form, making choice C correct.

The Fishbone Diagram (choice A), or cause-and-effect diagram, is specifically used for root cause analysis by categorizing potential factors into groups such as methods, materials, and manpower. Histograms (choice B) show data spread, Control Charts (choice C) track variation, and Check Sheets (choice D) collect raw data. ASQ’s CQA BoK emphasizes fishbone diagrams as a fundamental tool for problem-solving and continuous improvement.

Management review ensures that audit results are aligned with organizational goals (choice A). Reducing corrective actions (choice B), replacing evaluations (choice C), or cutting audit frequency (choice D) are not valid. According to ASQ’s CQA BoK, management review is essential for accountability, resource allocation, and continual improvement.

The first step in developing a checklist is to review applicable standards, procedures, and requirements (choice B). Corrective actions (choice A) and reports (choice D) occur later. Employee feedback (choice C) is useful but not the foundation. According to ASQ’s CQA BoK, checklists must reflect relevant requirements to ensure scope coverage and consistency.